一、经典散文要么孤独要么庸俗
经典散文:艺术的孤独与庸俗
经典散文是文学的瑰宝,是我们文化遗产的重要组成部分。无论是在中国还是在全球范围内,经典散文经受了时刻的考验,被广大读者所喜爱和推崇。然而,经典散文也面临着两个互相矛盾的特征,那就是孤独和庸俗。
艺术孤独的魅力
经典散文之因此被誉为艺术的孤独,是由于它们追求特殊性、深度和特点。在大众文化的喧嚣中,经典散文像一颗珍珠般独自闪耀。它们是作家对内心全球的探索和抒发,是对人性、情感和存在的思索。
艺术家的孤独在于,他们必须与自己的想法和感受为伴。他们独自一人面对思索的深渊,寻找特殊的表达方式。正是由于孤独,经典散文才能触动读者的灵魂,让人在浩瀚的文字海洋中找到心灵的港湾。
经典散文的作者往往是那些对生活有着深刻洞察力的文人,他们以自己的思索和艺术手法打动了读者,引起了读者的共鸣。他们不迎合流行和市场,而是勇壮地探索自己内心的声音,用特殊的方式表达自己的见解和情感。
艺术的孤独并非是一种消极的情形,相反,它是创造力的源泉。正是由于远离喧嚣和群体思索,艺术家才能有更多的自在和空间去思索和创作。他们在孤独中思索,寻找真理和美的存在。
庸俗的诱惑与挑战
与艺术的孤独相对立的是庸俗。庸俗是迎合大众口味,追求安逸和功利的一种表现形式。在这个物质主义盛行的时代,庸俗的物品充斥着各个角落。它们缺乏原创性和想法深度,而是套用了现成的模式和流行的标签。
庸俗的散文对于一部分读者来说,可能更容易获得共鸣和接受。它们热衷于迎合读者的口味,提供简单易懂的故事和俗套的主题。庸俗的散文在吸引读者的同时,却无法给人以真正的启迪和思索。
庸俗的散文往往是市场和商业的产物,追求的是利益和流量。它们沦为了一种商品,迎合消费者的需求,追求的是表面的热闹和谈资,而忽视了对内心的触动和思索。
经典散文的价格和使命
在经典散文与庸俗之间存在着一种权衡和选择。虽然经典散文的创作和传播面临一些困难和挑战,但它们仍然有着重要的价格和使命。
经典散文代表了文化的高度,是人类智慧的结晶。它们记录了历史、描绘了社会和人生的方方面面。经典散文通过优美的语言和深刻的思索,为读者提供了对人类存在和情感的特殊观察。
经典散文还是塑造个体和社会的重要力量。它们激励大众思索和探索,引导大众审视自己的生活和价格观。经典散文承载着艺术家对社会难题和人性的思索,引导大众追求美妙和真理。
虽然经典散文的创作和传播可能受到庸俗的冲击和市场的竞争,但它们仍然拥有无法替代的特殊价格。艺术的孤独让经典散文充满了磁力,让读者在纷繁的信息中找到自我的定位和抚慰。
小编归纳一下
经典散文无论是孤独还是庸俗,都是文学宝库中不可或缺的一部分。它们以特殊的方式触动人心,引起大众对生活和存在的思索。
作为读者,我们要有足够的眼光和挑剔,选择那些真正有深度和想法的经典散文。我们要用心去质量和欣赏,让它们在我们心灵深处绽放。
正是由于经典散文的庄严和艺术性,我们才能在喧嚣和庸俗的全球中找到灵魂的寄托和和平。
二、手机屏保要么瘦要么死
随着科技的不断提高,手机已经成为大众生活中不可或缺的工具。而现代社会对于手机屏保的要求也越来越高,`手机屏保要么瘦要么死`的口号更是深入人心。那么,到底何样的手机屏保才能算是瘦?又有哪些设计元素可以避免“死”呢?这篇文章小编将就此展开讨论。
手机屏保的设计制度
一个好的手机屏保设计不仅要美观,更要实用,它需要考虑到用户的需求,并且能够有效地保护屏幕。下面内容是一些设计手机屏保的制度:
- 简洁明了:避免过多的设计元素,保持屏幕整洁。
- 美观大方:选择色彩搭配合理的设计,令人愉悦。
- 易于识别:图标和文字要清晰可辨,方便用户使用。
- 特点化定制:允许用户选择不同风格的屏保,满足不同用户的需求。
瘦屏保 vs. 死屏保
所谓“瘦屏保”,是指设计简约、清晰的屏保,不会对手机体系造成额外负担,同时也不会影响用户的使用体验。而“死屏保”则指设计复杂、过于花哨的屏保,可能会导致手机卡顿、耗电等难题,甚至引起体系崩溃。
为了避免“死屏保”,设计师们在设计手机屏保时需要注意下面内容几点:
- 避免动画过于复杂:过多的动画效果会使屏保变得臃肿,增加体系负担。
- 优化图片与文字:使用高清图片和清晰字体,避免模糊影响用户体验。
- 节能省电:设计时考虑到屏保的功耗,尽量减少不必要的动态效果。
手机屏保设计动向
随着大众对手机屏保的要求不断提高,设计师们也在不断探索新的设计动向,以满足用户的需求。一些当前流行的手机屏保设计动向包括:
- 黑白简约:简洁的黑白设计,显得干净利落。
- 卡通动漫:可爱卡通人物成为手机屏保的热门元素。
- 抽象艺术:具有创意的抽象艺术设计让屏幕更具艺术感。
小编归纳一下
在选择手机屏保时,用户应当根据自己的喜好和需求来挑选合适的设计。同时,设计师们也要秉承“手机屏保要么瘦要么死”的制度,以提供优质的屏保设计,让用户在使用手机时享受更好的体验。
三、英语对于会计重要么?
内容均在财会专业外语专栏,感兴趣的同学可以关注进修
财会专业外语进修笔记第四章,知乎是md直接复制的,可能会丢格式,需要PDF可以直接私戳我,或者联系我加入个人社群(免费、无门槛获取)
第三章掌握利润收入费用的概念、
调整项目:未赚得的收入(预收账款)
Chapter Table of Contents
- Objective 1 – The basic definition of cash.(现金的概念:价格容易转移的项目——相对的概念是限制)
- Objective 2 – To distinguish cash flows from investing, financing, and operating activities.(区分现金流的来源,经营、投资、融资)
- Objective 3 – To understand the relation between net income and cash flow from operations.(间接法:怎样把净利润调回到现金流)
- Objective 4 – Two methods for constructing cash flow statements (the direct and indirect methods).
- Objective 5 –To continue to read actual company reports.
-目标1——现金的基本定义。 -目标2——区分现金流与投资、融资和经营活动。 -目标3–了解净收入和经营现金流之间的关系(间接法:怎样把净利润调回到现金流) -目标4——编制现金流量表的两种技巧(直接法和间接法)。 -目标5–继续阅读实际的公司报告。
Key Terms
cash, cash flows, checking accounts, currency(货币), direct method, financial activities, indirect method, investing activities, operating activities
Intro
- Throughout recorded history, people used many unusual items as money, but perhaps the oddest is the special stones (特殊的石头)used by the Yapese.
- The Yapese inhabit the island of Yap in Federated States of Micronesia. They used stones from a distant island for money. The larger the stone, the greater its value. Some of the most valuable weighed several tons. This certainly hindered theft, but we understand it was very hard on parking meters!
- Money is important to every society, and accounting pays special attention to cash. Cash is so important a resource that a special accounting report is devoted exclusively to cash: the statement of cash flows.
-纵观有记载的历史,大众用许多不寻常的物品作为货币,但最奇怪的可能是特殊的石头(特殊的石头)Yapese使用。 -雅佩斯人居住在密克罗尼西亚联邦的雅普岛。他们用来自遥远岛屿的石头来赚钱。石头越大,它的价格就越大。一些最值钱的重达几吨。这当然阻碍了盗窃,但我们领悟停车收费表非常困难! -金钱对每个社会都很重要,会计特别关注现金。现金是如此重要的资源,以至于一份专门的会计报告专门用于现金:现金流量表。
Purpose of Cash Flow Statement(现金流量表的目的)
The purpose of a cash flow statement is to convert the income statement from an accrual basis (权责发生制)to a cash basis. This conversion may be done using either of two methods:
Indirect Method Direct method
We will focus only on the Indirect Method.
现金流量表的目的是从权责发生制转换收益表(权责发生制)现金基础。此转换可使用下面内容两种技巧其中一个进行: 间接法 直接法 我们将只关注间接法。
Union Plaza Hotel and Casino, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
直接法
OshKosh B’Gosh, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
间接法
Why Focus on Cash?
Because investors, creditors, and other interested parties want to know what is happening to a company’s most liquid asset, CASH.
Cash is readily transferable value.
- Currency?(一般情况下是现金)
- Amounts on deposit in checking accounts?(活期账户当中的存款金额)
- Frequent-flier miles?(航空积分里程,一般认为不是,以后可能会是;美国的航空积分里程项目,可以在范围内消费)
- Automobile companies issue credit cards?(汽车公司发行的信用卡)
- Compensating balance?(补偿性余额)
由于投资者、债权人和其他利益相关方都想知道公司最具流动性的资产——现金——发生了何。 现金是容易转移的价格。 -货币?(一般情况下是现金) -支票账户存款金额?(活期账户当中的存款金额) -常客里程?(航空积分里程,一般认为不是,以后可能会是;美国的航空积分里程项目,可以在范围内消费) -汽车公司发行信用卡?(汽车公司发行的信用卡) -补偿余额?(补偿性余额)
Statement of Cash Flows
- The Statement of Cash Flow helps to evaluate:(帮助我们做何)
风险就是不确定性
- The entity’s ability to generate future cash flows.(主体产生未来现金流的能力)
- The entity’s ability to pay dividends and meet obligations.(支付股利和偿还债务的能力)
- The reasons for the difference between net income and net cash provided (used) by operating activities.(可以分析净利润和净现金流量何故有差异的缘故)
- The investing and financing transactions during the period.
-现金流量表有助于评估:(帮助我们做何) 风险就是不确定性 1.实体产生未来现金流的能力(主体产生未来现金流的能力) 2.实体支付股息和履行义务的能力(支付股利和偿还债务的能力) 3.净收入与经营活动提供(使用)的净现金之间差异的缘故(可以分析净利润和净现金流量何故有差异的缘故) 4.期内的投资和融资交易。
The Statement of Cash Flow can help answer the following questions
- How did cash increase when there was a net loss for the period?
- Is cash flow greater or less than net income?
- How was the expansion in the plant and equipment financed?(扩张当中购买设备怎样筹集资金)
- How was the debt retired?
- How much money was borrowed during the year?
- What amount was paid in dividends?
现金流量表可以帮助回答下面内容难题 -当该期间出现净亏损时,现金是怎样增加的? -现金流是大于还是小于净收入? -工厂和设备的扩建是怎样融资的?(扩张当中购买设备怎样筹集资金) -债务是怎样偿还的? -这一年借了几许钱? -股息支付了几许?
The cash flow statement provides information about the company’s
cash receipts and cash payments the net change in cash resulting from:
- operating,
- investing, and financing activities of a company
- during a period.
现金流量表提供了有关公司 现金收入和现金支付 现金净变化源于: -操作, -投资,以及公司的融资活动 -在一段时刻内。
Sources of Information for the Statement of Cash Flows
Recall (see next slide) that the cash flow statement is a created statement that relies on information from the income statement and balance sheet(基于利润表和资产负债表创造出来的,用非现金的资产负债表项目展示现金流变化). Notice wealth, financial value, and economic income don’t affect the cash flow statement. Therefore, to prepare the cash flow statement, you need:
- Current income statement (only current year)需要一个利润表
- Comparative balance sheet (2 years)比较资产负债表,2年
- Additional information附加信息
回想一下(见下一张幻灯片)现金流量表一个创建的报表,它依赖于损益表和资产负债表中的信息(基于利润表和资产负债表创造出来的,用非现金的资产负债表项目展示现金流变化). 请注意,财富、财务价格和经济收入不会影响现金流量表。因此,要编制现金流量表,无论兄弟们需要: -当期损益表(仅当年度)需要一个利润表 -比较资产负债表(2年)比较资产负债表,2.年 -其他信息附加信息
Relationship between Economic Concepts and Financial Statements
- Financial Values——Attach to individual assets, liabilities, revenues and expense items by the accounting process
- Wealth ——Measured by equity at a point in time
- Economic Income——Change in wealth measured by net income
- Balance Sheet——Assets、Liabilities、Equity
- Income Statement——Revenue、Expenses、Net Income
- Cash Flow Statement——Operating cash flow、Investing cash flow、Financing cash flow、Significant non-cash
-财务价格——通过会计处理附加到个人资产、负债、收入和支出项目 -财富——以某个时刻点的权益衡量 -经济收入——以净收入衡量的财富变化 -资产负债表——资产、负债、权益 -损益表——收入、支出、净收入 -现金流量表——经营现金流量、投资现金流量、融资现金流量、重大非现金流量
Format of the Statement of Cash Flows
Cash Flow Statement has Four Sections
operating investing financing significant non-cash investing and financing activities(重要的非现金投资和筹资活动)
Cash Flow Statement has Four Sectionsoperating investing financing significant non-cash investing and financing activities(重要的非现金投资和筹资活动)
Operating Activities
Operating activities are actions that are neither investing nor financing activities. Operating activities include selling to customers, acquiring and selling inventory, and acquiring and using labor.
Operating activities – captures the effects operating transactions (i.e., normal revenues and expenses transactions) have on the company’s cash flow.
The FASB states:
Operating activities include all transactions and other events that are not defined as investing or financing activities……
Operating activities generally involve producing and delivering goods and providing services.
Cash flow from operating activities are generally the cash effects of transactions and other events that enter into the determination of net income.
不涉及现金的费用:折旧和摊销
Income Statement Information Needed:
- Net income
- Depreciation and amortization (non-cash expenditures)
- Gain (loss) on sale of assets or investments
Balance Sheet Information Needed:
- Change in Current Assets
- Change in Current Liabilities
经营活动是既不是投资活动也不是融资活动的活动。经营活动包括向客户销售、获取和销售库存以及获取和使用劳动力。 经营活动–捕获经营交易(即正常收入和费用交易)对公司现金流的影响。 FASB规定: 经营活动包括未定义为投资或融资活动的所有交易和其他事件…… 经营活动通常涉及生产、交付货物和提供服务。 经营活动产生的现金流通常是确定净收入的交易和其他事件的现金效应。 不涉及现金的费用:折旧和摊销 所需损益表信息: -净收入 -折旧和摊销(非现金支出) -出售资产或投资的收益(损失) 需要的资产负债表信息: -流动资产变动 -流动负债变动
Examples of Cash Flows – Operating Activities
Cash inflows:
- From sale of goods or services
- From interest received and dividends received
Cash outflows:
- To suppliers for inventory
- To employees for services
- To government for taxes
- To lenders for interest
- To others for expenses
现金流入: -商品或服务销售 -收到的利息和股息 现金流出: -供应商库存 -向员工提供服务 -向政府缴税 -向贷款人支付利息 -向其他人支付费用
Investing Activities
Investing activities are actions aimed at acquiring and disposing of assets that generate a financial return over a long period of time.(目的在于购买和处置未来长期获得收益的活动——对应长期资产)
Investing activities – captures a company’s purchase and sale of assets and its use of cash to acquire a long-term investment position in another company and the sale of these investments.
The FASB states:
Investing activities including making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments and property, plant and equipment and other productive assets, that is, assets held for or used in the production of goods or services by the enterprise (other than materials that are part of the enterprise inventory).
Income Statement Information Needed :
Gain (Loss) of Assets
Balance Sheet Information Needed :
Change in Long-Term Assets
- Property Plant and Equipment
- Long-Term Investments
投资活动是旨在收购和处置能够在较长时刻内产生财务回报的资产的行动(目的在于购买和处置未来长期获得收益的活动——对应长期资产) 投资活动-捕获一家公司购买和出售资产,以及使用现金在另一家公司获得长期投资头寸,并出售这些投资。 FASB规定: 投资活动,包括发放和收取贷款、收购和处置债务或权益工具、财产、厂房和设备以及其他生产性资产,即企业为生产商品或服务而持有或使用的资产(属于企业库存的材料除外)。 所需损益表信息: 资产收益(损失) 需要的资产负债表信息: 长期资产变动 -房地产厂房和设备 -长期投资
Examples of Transactions that Affect Financing Activities
Cash inflows:
- From issuance of equity securities (company’s own stock)
- From issuance of debt (bonds and notes)
Cash outflows:
- To stockholders as dividends
- To redeem long-term debt or reacquire company’s stock
现金流入: -发行权益证券(公司自有股票) -债务(债券和票据)发行 现金流出: -作为股息支付给股东 -赎回长期债务或重新获得公司股票
Types of Cash Flows and Types of Accounts
Cash flows from investing are usually,
but not exclusively, related to the noncurrent asset accounts.
Cash flows from financing are usually,
but not exclusively, related to the noncurrent liability and equity accounts.
Cash flows from operations are usually,
but not exclusively, related to the current asset and current liability accounts, retained earnings, and the income statement accounts.
投资产生的现金流通常为, 与非流动资产账户相关。 融资产生的现金流通常是, 但不限于非流动负债和权益账户。 运营产生的现金流通常是, 但不限于与流动资产和流动负债账户、留存收益和损益表账户有关。
Significant Non-Cash Activities
Transactions that do not affect cash are NOT reported in the body of the statement of cash flows. However, these items are reported:
- In a separate schedule at the bottom of the statement of cash flows or
- In a separate note or supplementary schedule to the financial statements.
不影响现金的交易不在现金流量表中报告。然而,报告了下面内容项目: -在现金流量表底部的单独附表中,或 -在财务报表的单独附注或补充附表中。
Examples of Significant Non-Cash Activities
- Issuance of common stock to purchase assets.
- Conversion of bonds into common stock.
- Issuance of debt to purchase assets.
- Exchanges of plant assets.
-发行普通股购买资产。 -将债券转换为普通股。 -发行债务购买资产。 -工厂资产交换。
Converting Net Income to Cash Flow from Operations(将净收入转换为经营现金流)这个还需要领悟一下
间接法:
先假设所有净利润都收到了现金,
折旧费用没有涉及到现金(非现金支出加回来,Noncash expenses (e.g,depreciation))
流动资产减少(加回来)
流动负债增加(加回来)
应收账款,赊销
Steps in Preparing Cash Flow Statement
- Determine the net Increase (decrease) in cash. Note: This will serve as the check figure.
- Determine the cash provided (used) by operations.
- Determine the cash provided (used) by investing.
- Determine the cash provided (used) by financing.
- Determine any significant noncash transactions that should be disclosed.
-确定现金净增加(减少)。注:这将作为检查图。 (可以小编认为一个核对数) -确定运营提供(使用)的现金。 -确定通过投资提供(使用)的现金。 -确定融资提供(使用)的现金。 -确定应披露的任何重大非现金交易。
Determine Net Cash Provided (Used) by Operating Activities
- Get net income from the income statement.
- Add to net income for items that did not affect cash (i.e. depreciation and amortization).
- Add (subtract) the changes in the current asset and current liability accounts. An increase (decrease) in current assets is a decrease (increase) in cash flow. Whereas, an increase (decrease) in current liabilities is an increase (decrease) in cash flow.
-从损益表中获得净收入。 -加上不影响现金的项目的净收入(即折旧和摊销)。 -加(减)流动资产和流动负债账户的变动。流动资产的增加(减少)就是现金流的减少(增加)。然而,流动负债的增加(减少)就是现金流量的增加(降低)。
Cash Flow Statement Let’s Do An Example
Cash Flow Example
Assume that Rhody has a beginning cash balance of $20,000 and an ending cash balance of $244,000. In addition, for the year Rhody has net income of $200,000 and depreciation and amortization of $15,000. What impact does this information have on the cash flow statement?
假设Rhody的期初现金余额为20000美元,期末现金余额为244000美元。除了这些之后,Rhody今年的净收入为200000美元,折旧和摊销为15000美元。这些信息对现金流量表有何影响?
Change in Cash Account
The $224,000 increase between the beginning cash balance of $20,000 and an ending cash balance of $244,000 indicates that Rhody’s total cash flow for the year will increase by $224,000. The cash flow statement will show how this $224,000 increase was achieved. In essence, this will serve as a “check figure” to make sure the sum of cash flow from operations, investing, and financing reflects an increase of $224,000.
期初现金余额20000美元与期末现金余额244000美元之间增加了224000美元,这表明Rhody今年的总现金流量将增加224000美元。现金流量表将显示224000美元的增加是怎样实现的。本质上,这将小编认为一个“检查数字”,以确保运营、投资和融资的现金流之和反映出224000美元的增长。
Depreciation and Amortization
The $15,000 of depreciation is a non-cash expense, so that amount must be added to net income.
Remember, the goal is to go from net income (accrual basis) to “net income” on the cash basis. (构成净利润的现金结局)
Therefore, we need to increase net income by $15,000, since we have “overstated”(高估) our cash expenses by the amount of depreciation.
15000美元的折旧是非现金支出,因此必须将其计入净收入。 记住,目标是从净收入(权责发生制)到现金收付制的“净收入”。(构成净利润的现金结局) 因此,我们需要增加15000美元的净收入,由于我们“夸大了”(高估) 我们的现金支出减去折旧额。
Rhody Company Statement of Cash Flows–Indirect MethodFor the Year Ended December 31, 2004
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income | $200,000 |
---|---|
Depreciation & amortization | $15,000 |
Net cash flow from operations | $215,000 |
Impact of Change in Accounts Receivable (Current Asset)
Assume that Rhody had sales of $385,000 and all of its sales are on credit. The beginning balance in accounts receivable was $42,000 and the ending balance is $55,000. What impact does this have on the cash flow statement?
Remember, the goal is to go from net income (accrual basis) to “net income” on the cash basis.
假设Rhody的销售额为385000美元,所有销售额都是赊账。应收账款的期初余额为42000美元,期末余额为55000美元。这对现金流量表有何影响? 记住,目标是从净收入(权责发生制)到现金收付制的“净收入”。
Notice that the income statement reports $385,000 as sales. However, we only collected $372,000 of it in cash. Thus, we need to reduce net income by the increase in the accounts receivable.
请注意,损益表将385000美元报告为销售额。然而,我们只收取了372000美元的现金。因此,我们需要通过增加应收账款来减少净收入。
Rhody CompanyStatement of Cash Flows–Indirect MethodFor the Year Ended December 31, 2004
Impact of Change in Accounts Payable (Current Liability)
Assume that Rhody’s operating expenses reported in the income statement were $185,000, of which $170,000 were expenditures requiring the future outlay of cash (i.e., other than depreciation). The beginning balance in accounts payable was $25,000 and the ending balance is $35,000. What impact does this have on the cash flow statement?
Remember, the goal is to go from net income (accrual basis) to “net income” on the cash basis.
假设Rhody在损益表中报告的运营费用为185000美元,其中170000美元是需要未来现金支出的支出(即折旧除外)。应付账款的期初余额为25000美元,期末余额为35000美元。这对现金流量表有何影响? 记住,目标是从净收入(权责发生制)到现金收付制的“净收入”。
Analysis Via T–Account (通过T账户分析)
See explanation on next slide!(请参阅下一张幻灯片上的说明!)
Impact of Change in Accounts Payable (Current Liability)
The income statement reports $185,000 of expenses. However, $15,000 of these expenses are for depreciation, which is a non-cash expense and would not be recorded as a payable (i.e., recall the credit is to accumulated depreciation). This leaves $170,000 of potential expenses to be paid for with cash. Since the payable account increased by $10,000, only $160,000 of these expenses were actually paid in cash. Thus, we need to increase net income by the increase in the accounts payable.
损益表报告了185000美元的开支。然而,这些费用中有15000美元用于折旧,这是一项非现金费用,不会记录为应付费用(即,回想一下,贷记为累计折旧)。这留下了17万美元的潜在费用需要用现金支付。由于应付账款增加了1万美元,这些费用中只有16万美元实际以现金支付。因此,我们需要通过增加应付账款来增加净收入。
Rhody Company Statement of Cash Flows–Indirect MethodFor the Year Ended December 31, 2004
Determine Net Cash Provided (Used) by Investing Activities
Add (subtract) the changes in the non-current asset accounts (i.e., property, plant, and equipment). An increase (decrease) in property, plant, and equipment is a decrease (increase) in cash flow.
加(减)非流动资产账户(即不动产、厂房和设备)的变动。房地产、厂房和设备的增加(减少)就是现金流的减少(增加)。
Impact of Change in PP&E (Non Current Asset)
Assume that Rhody acquired $40,000 of equipment and sold equipment with a book value (original cost minus accumulated depreciation) of $20,000 for $25,000. What impact does this have on the cash flow statement?
Remember, the goal is to go from net income (accrual basis) to “net income” on the cash basis.
假设Rhody收购了40000美元的设备,并以25000美元的价格出售了账面价格(原始成本减去累计折旧)为20000美元的设备。这对现金流量表有何影响? 记住,目标是从净收入(权责发生制)到现金收付制的“净收入”。
Analysis of Impact
The purchase of equipment is a cash outflow and the sale of the equipment is a cash inflow. However, the sale of equipment also affects the accrual basis income statement, since the $5,000 gain ($25,000 sales price – $20,000 book value) on the sale is included in net income. Since we are creating a cash flow statement, the gain must be removed from net income (see operating activities section) and the cash flow from this transaction (e.g., $20,000) is reported in the investing activities section.
购买设备为现金流出,出售设备为现金流入。然而,设备销售也会影响权责发生制损益表,由于销售的5000美元收益(25000美元销售价格-20000美元账面价格)包含在净收入中。由于我们正在编制现金流量表,收益必须从净收入中扣除(见经营活动部分),而本次交易的现金流量(如20000美元)在投资活动部分报告。
Rhody Company Statement of Cash Flows–Indirect Method For the Year Ended December 31, 2004
Determine Net Cash Provided (Used) by Financing Activities
Add (subtract) the changes in the non-current liabilities accounts (i.e., long-term debt) and add (subtract) the changes the stockholders’ equity accounts. An increase (decrease) in long-term debt is an increase (decrease) in cash flow.
增加(减去)非流动负债账户(即长期债务)的变动,并增加(扣除)股东权益账户的变动。长期债务的增加(减少)就是现金流的增加(降低)。
Impact of Change in Long-Term Debt (Non-Current Liability)
Assume that Rhody borrowed $40,000 from Explorer bank and paid $8,000 in dividends to its shareholders. What impact does this have on the cash flow statement?
Remember, the goal is to go from net income (accrual basis) to “net income” on the cash basis.
假设Rhody从探险家银行借了40000美元,并向股东支付了8000美元的股息。这对现金流量表有何影响? 记住,目标是从净收入(权责发生制)到现金收付制的“净收入”。
Analysis of Impact
The borrowing of money from the bank is a financing transaction that increases the amount of cash Rhody has available. Thus, this is a $40,000 increase in Rhody’s cash flow from financing. The payment of $8,000 in dividends is a financing transaction that reduces Rhody’s cash flow.
从银行借钱是一项融资交易,增加了罗迪可用的现金量。因此,Rhody的融资现金流增加了40000美元。支付8000美元股息是一项融资交易,减少了罗迪的现金流。
Rhody Company Statement of Cash Flows–Indirect Method For the Year Ended December 31, 2004
A Company Life Cycle
A series of phases all companies experience.
The phases are often referred to as the:
- introductory phase(阶段)初创期
- growth phase成长期
- maturity phase成熟期
- decline phase衰退期
The phase a company is in affects its cash flows.
所有公司都经历了一系列阶段。 这些阶段通常被称为: -入门阶段(阶段)初创期 -生长阶段成长期 -成熟期成熟期 -下降阶段衰退期 公司所处的阶段会影响其现金流。
Introductory Phase
To support asset purchases, the company needs to issue stock or debt. Since the operations are just starting.
Expect:
- cash from operations to be negative
- cash from investing to be negative.
- cash from financing to be positive.(筹资带来的现金流是正的)
为了支持资产购买,公司需要发行股票或债券。由于手术才刚刚开始。 预期: -经营现金为负数 -投资现金为负。 -融资现金为正(筹资带来的现金流是正的)
Growth Phase
The company is striving to expand its production and sales.(生产和销售的扩张和扩展)
Expect:
- cash from operations to generate a small amount of cash(运营产生少量的现金流)
- cash from investing to be negative.
- cash from financing to be positive.
生长阶段 该公司正在努力扩大生产和销售(生产和销售的扩张和扩展) 预期: -产生少量现金的经营现金(运营产生少量的现金流) -投资现金为负。 -融资现金为正。
Maturity Phase(成熟期)
The company’s sales and production begin to level off. Thus, investing will consist of replacing some long-term assets and selling others.
Expect:
- cash from operations to be moderately positive.(正的,趋于平稳适中)
- cash from investing to be neutral.(投资活动基本为零)
- cash from financing to be negative (paying back loans).(要还款了,筹资活动的现金流是负的)
公司的销售和生产开始趋于平稳。因此,投资将包括更换一些长期资产和出售其他资产。 预期: -经营现金为适度正值(正的,趋于平稳适中) -投资现金保持中性(投资活动基本为零) -融资产生的现金为负(偿还贷款)(要还款了,筹资活动的现金流是负的)
Decline Phase (衰退期)
The company’s sales and production begin to decline. Note: This phase is not true of all companies, but will certainly affect a segment of a company.并不是所有的公司都要经历衰退期,然而不得不承认会影响业绩,影响某一细分市场
Expect:
- cash from operations to be minimally positive.
- cash from investing to be neutral or negative.
- cash from financing to be negative (paying back loans).
该公司的销售额和产量开始下降。注意:这一阶段并非适用于所有公司,但肯定会影响公司的某个部门。并不是所有的公司都要经历衰退期,然而不得不承认会影响业绩,影响某一细分市场 预期: -经营活动产生的现金最少为正。 -投资现金为中性或负值。 -融资产生的现金为负(偿还贷款)。
Cash-Based Ratio Measures相关指标
Accrual-based measures allow too much management discretion(操纵).管理层有了更多的自在裁量权
One disadvantage to the cash-based measures is that no published industry averages are readily available for comparison.没有公布的行业平均水平可以用作比较
基于权责发生制的措施允许过多的管理自在裁量权。 现金计量的一个缺点是没有公布的行业平均值可供比较。
Liquidity(流动性)
Recall that liquidity is the ability of a business to meet its immediate obligations and that one measure of liquidity is the current ratio.
$$流动比率=frac流动资产流动负债$$
A disadvantage of the current ratio is that it uses year-end balances of current assets and current liabilities (may not be representative of a company&39;s position during most of the year.)
期末时点指标反映时期指标存在一定缺陷,代表性较差
记住流动性是企业的能力 履行其直接义务 衡量流动性的指标是流动比率。 流动比率的缺点是 使用流动资产的年末余额和 流动负债(可能不代表 公司在一年中大部分时刻的职位。)
Current Cash Debt Coverage Ratio(债务现金偿付比率)
A ratio that partially corrects this is the current cash debt coverage ratio.
$$fracCash,, provided,, by,, operations Average,,current,, liabilities$$
Since cash from operations involves the entire year rather than a balance at one point in time,it is often considered a better representation of liquidity on the average day.
部分校正这一点的比率是电流 现金债务覆盖率。 经营活动提供的现金 平均流动负债 由于经营现金涉及整个 而不是某个时刻点的余额, 它通常被认为是对 平均每天的流动性。
Solvency(偿债能力)
Recall that solvency is the ability of a firm to survive over the long term. One measure of solvency is the debt to total assets ratio.(用经营活动的现金流保证债务的偿还)
记住偿付能力是一家公司的能力长期生存。一种度量偿付能力是债务与总资产的比率。
A measure of solvency that uses cash figures is the cash debt coverage ratio.
$$fracCash,, provided,, by,, operations Average,,total,, liabilities$$
This ratio measures a company&39;s ability to repay its liabilities from cash generated from operations.
使用现金数字衡量偿付能力的一个指标是现金债务覆盖率。 经营活动提供的现金 平均总负债 该比率衡量一家公司从经营产生的现金中偿还债务的能力。
Direct Method (Supplementary)直接法编制
The direct method of presenting cash flow statements presents cash flows from operations in terms of their uses and sources.
现金流量表的直接列报技巧根据其用途和来源列报经营活动产生的现金流量。
Indirect Method (Supplementary)间接法编制
The indirect method of presenting cash flows from operations shows how net income must be adjusted to get back to cash flows.
表示经营活动现金流的间接技巧表明,必须怎样调整净收入才能回到现金流。
Websell Cash Flow Worksheet (Beginning)
Websell Cash Flow Worksheet (Completed)
Indirect Method Cash Flow Statement
四、会计专业考研有必要么?
有必要,会计专业是现在大学学科中比较热门的一个专业,拥有会计研究生学历对学生自己以后在证券交易所,银行,公务员考试中有重要的优势,如果在研究生毕业前取得注册会计师资格就更是如虎添翼。
五、要么忍要么狠经典语录
在人生的道路上,我们经常会面临许多挑战和困难。有时候,我们只能选择要么忍,要么狠。
要么忍
容忍是一种极为宝贵的质量,它可以帮助我们在困境中保持冷静、坚持不懈。正如古人云:“容忍造就英雄”。要么忍,意味着我们暂时放下个人的心情和私欲,以更高的目标为导向,面对困难并承担职责。
在职场中,有时候我们会遇到职业上的不公平或者与同事之间的摩擦。这时候,我们要么忍,保持冷静的思索,不与别人争吵或者陷入心情化的情形。我们应该积极寻求难题解决的技巧,与同事合作,建立良好的职业关系。
在生活中,每个人都会面临各种各样的困难和挑战。无论是健壮难题、家庭难题还是经济难题,我们要么忍,要保持积极乐观的心态。有时候,生活给我们的考验并不是让我们崩溃,而是要我们变得更加坚韧。
要么狠
虽然要么忍是一种很好的质量,但有时候我们也需要要么狠。要么狠并不是要我们变成冷酷无情的人,而是让我们在面对不公平和欺骗时能够坚决地采取行动。
在职场中,有时候我们可能会遇到自私自利的同事或者不公平的领导。这时候,我们要么狠,坚决维护自己的权益和尊严。我们可以通过理性而坚决的方式表达自己的意见,或者寻求帮助和支持来难题解决。
在生活中,有时候我们可能会遇到不公平的待遇或者受到欺骗。这时候,我们要么狠,不能被动地接受不公,而是要勇壮地站出来维护自己的权益。我们可以采取法律手段或者寻求相关部门的帮助来难题解决。
无论是要么忍还是要么狠,我们都需要根据具体的情况来权衡选择。有时候,我们需要容忍与包容,有时候则需要坚决与果断。这就需要我们具备一颗明智而勇壮的心,能够正确地判断和处理各种难题。
要么忍要么狠,这是一种经典的生活哲理。它提醒着我们在面对困难和挑战时要保持冷静和勇壮,在合适的时机做出明智的选择。
经典语录
- 生活中没有过不去的坎 – 容忍和勇壮是克服难题的关键。
- 要么忍痛,要么后悔 – 容忍痛苦的短暂时刻,为了更好的未来。
- 只有忍,没有不忍 – 逆境中的容忍才是最珍贵的质量。
- 要么狠心,要么受气 – 在面对不公时,要果断采取行动。
- 容忍是一种力量 – 容忍使我们坚持不懈追求目标。
要么忍要么狠,是一种在生活中需要经常应用的制度。它不仅提醒着我们在困难时要保持冷静和坚持,同时也鼓励着我们在面对不公和欺骗时要勇壮地采取行动。
六、要么要么组词?
要么离开要么留下
要么出去,要么在家
要么游泳,要么打球
七、要么要么造句?
站在高考的起跑线上,要么就勤勉进修,努力拼搏,努力考上大学;要么就退却萎缩,裹步不前,与大学无缘。句中用了两个“要么……,要么……”,完成了造句。
八、会计重分类?
重分类指会计报表的重分类。它调表不调账,即不调整明细帐和总帐,只调整报表科目余额,具体说来,它根据会计明细科目的期末余额而非总帐余额(净值)而定,当资产类往来会计科目期末出现贷方余额时,这时不再是债权而是一种债务,应重新分类到负债类科目;反之,当负债类往来科目期末出现借方余额时,这时不再是一种债务而是一种债权,应重新分类到资产类科目中去。如果不这样进行重分类而直接以总帐余额反映到会计报表当中,则不能反映资产负债的本来面目,甚至导致财务指标异常。比如,应收账款某一明细科目期末出现贷方余额,这时应将它重分类到预收账款当中。同理,应付账款某一明细科目期末出现借方余额,这时应将它重分类到预付账款当中。因此,应收账款与预收账款、应付账款与预付账款、其他应收款与其他应付款、待摊费用与预提费用为重分类的对应科目。
重分类主要就这六个往来账-应收账款、预收账款、应付账款、预付账款、其他应收款、其他应付款
它们的对应关系是
1应收账款、预收账款
2应付账款、预付账款
3其他应收款、其他应付款
九、用要么,要么造句?
1、天天催着你结婚的男人,要么是情圣,要么就是骗子。
2、过去几年,此领域里小公司的数量大幅减少,要么被并购,要么关门歇业。
3、现在要么扣下车,要么罚一大笔钱,或者两者皆有:这要视情况而定。于是,你可能又要接到法庭的传唤了。
十、要么要么还造句?
要么战胜困难,要么被困难压倒。